IFC, in collaboration with the German development bank Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW) and the Development Bank of Austria (OeEB), created a global Microfinance Enhancement Facility (MEF) in 2009 to support microfinance institutions worldwide that may face funding shortfalls during periods of unprecedented financial stress. At the time of investment, IFC aimed to support over 100 microfinance institutions operating in more than 30 countries, including over 20 IDA countries.

In 2010, IFC established the Microfinance Initiative for Asia Debt Fund (MIFA), also with KfW and OeEB, to increase access to finance for micro-borrowers and low-income households across East Asia, South Asia, and Central Asia. The facility aimed to offer market-based debt financing, with an emphasis on local currency and longer-term financing, to microfinance institutions (MFIs), particularly those that are smaller or less developed.

In July 2024, CAO received a complaint concerning KB PRASAC Bank Plc (PRASAC), a MEF client, and LOLC Plc. (LOLC), a MEF and MIFA client. The complainant raised concerns about the harmful effects on their livelihood and well-being linked to the lending and debt collection practices of PRASAC. Additionally, due to pressure from credit officers, the complainant borrowed from informal lenders, resulting in a higher debt burden due to high interest rates, which they were unable to repay. They also claimed that food security and access to education for their children were impacted, with child labor becoming a consequence. Finally, the complainants raised that they faced threats and reprisals.

In October 2024, CAO found the complaint eligible and conducted an assessment. In March 2025, CAO released its Assessment Report available in English and Khmer.

During the assessment, an agreement was reached at a joint meeting between the complainant and LOLC in December 2024. CAO monitored the implementation of this agreement for six months, after which the parties requested an extension of CAO’s monitoring until December 2025, with the possibility of a further extension. In December 2025, the complainant and LOLC expressed satisfaction with the progress of the agreement’s implementation and confirmed that all issues had been resolved to their satisfaction. Accordingly, CAO concluded the case with respect to LOLC, and the parties issued a joint statement available in English and Khmer. 

The complainant and PRASAC reached a final and full agreement through dispute resolution in December 2025 with a 12-month monitoring period through December 2026. The parties issued a Joint Statement, available in English and Khmer.